Manufacture of cement and other products.



PATENTE) AUG. 20, 1907.

, I mn- A. P. 'gimme-AARD.. PAGTURE 0F @am T AND .APPLIGATION' HLBD MAY '7. 1907x AUGUST P. BJERREGAARD, MINEOLA, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO ROBERT C. MTCHELL, OF MOUNT VERNON, NEW YORK. 4

MNUFACTURE OF CEMENT AND OTMR PRODUCTS.

no. senese.

Specificationpf Letters Eatent.

Patented Aug'. 20, 1907.

Application ileil May 7, i907. Serial llo. 372,431.

duced by the burning of a blast oi coal dust, oil, or v other suitable fuel. A

' It isfwell-suited for the manufacture oi Portland cement, although, inits broadest aspects, it is not conned to this particular manuac ture.

It secures the greatest effectiveness and economy in the` manufacture of cement or lime, or in the heating oi ores and the like.

It is effective in that the flame may, without danger to the apparatus employed', be projected directly against the material to be acted upon. Itis economical in that it avoidsthe Waste o heat.

lt is a well-known fact that some bodies (for example all carbonatos) give ofi, when heated, 'carbondioxid with the absorption .of heat; that some other bodies (for example clay) give ofi-water when highly heated v with the absorption of heat; that carbon-dioxid Awhen Ahighly heated in the presence oi carbonaceous fuel "becomes converted into carbon-monoxid with the absorptiorr of heat; that Water vapor highlyheated in the or otherwise supplying, in any suitable manner, to the blast flame, preferably at or near its origin, a finely powdered substance such as limestone or clay, or a mixture o these, or any similarly acting substance, ivhereby the finely powdered carbon dioxid gas or water vapor producing substance ,.is distributed through the 'llame toreduce its intensity to the desired degree.

The heat thus abstracted from the flame is not wasted but serves the userul purpose of causing chemical action upon the material injected into the ame,and at the same time 'of indirectly producing a'combustible gas,

...by the. action of the liberated carbon dioriid and water v vapor on the incandescent carbonaceous fuel of the i to heat the materialin the kiln adjacent thereto. Fur- `flame. v'l/Vlnanthis gas has proceeded suticiently beyond the point oi impact with the material being heated in the furnace, it will burn with the evolution oi heat thermore', the non-volatile residue from the flame- `reducing material will become highly heated in the lame and the particles thereof will 'impiego in this highly heated condition upon the material in the furnace, so that it will adhere thereto, thus augmenting the bulk ,of the latter'. Some materials that do not become adhesive mav be carried by the gases further along in the furnace Where they will partly deposit on the material tofbe'heated. Any surplus will be carried outthrough the furnace and caught by the usual dustv fcollecting'cha'mbers.

It' will be'seen that by this invention the heat generated by the combustion o the fuel can be carefully regulated and so completely utilized that the greatest economies and advantageswill be attained.

To indicate one of the many practical uses of this i invention We maydescribe the same in connection with the manufacture oi Portland cement in a lriln such as illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which I have shown conventionally and in section, an ordinary cement kiln. c'

A represents the inclined furnace or body o the kiln, provided with the usual re resistant lining. .This body is agitated or revolved about its longitudinal axis duringthe progressief thecement making, any suitable means (not shown) being provided to produce this movement oi the kiln.

B is 'a rear hood or outlet flue.

C is a supply pipe through which the raw cement material to be acted upon is fed into the body A by means oi the usual Worm-screw D.

E is the usual chute for conducting the' cement 'material rointhev worm D to the main body A. As

the main body A is agitated or revolved, this cement material moves toward the; llower end. Projecting intothe/lower end of the body A is-a blast burner F. This burner inclines downwardly so as to project the flame therefrom directly against the forming cementl clinker contained inthe bottom of the body.-

G is the usual putlet or the clinker after it leaves .the body. i

or hopper-s opening H-l are any' suitable feeders intothe burner nozzle at a suitable distance to the rear ofthe discharge end-thereof. These feeders hold the material which supply the flame, said rnaterial/y being supplied to the name in proper proportions and at. proper speed, anysuitable regulating devices being j provided for that purpose, v

The construction of the burner, as well as the construction oi all of the other parts, may be modified aty terial to be injected into the llame toregulate its inlili) los.

tensity may be `a pulyerized raw cement mixture, such as is fed into'the furnace at its higher end. Finely powdered coal is usually the fuel employed. This pulverized raw cement material may be either previously mixed with the pulverized coal, or, the coal may be fed through one hopper H, and the pulverized raw cement material may be fed through the other. hopper I. vIn either case, the finely powdered cement material (ordinarily some form of limestone and clay) will become, while in the body of the flame, highly heated and the carbon dioxid and Water vapor generated will reduce the intensity and increase the volume of the llame. Of course, the proportion of raw cement flour thus 'used should be such that the impinging flame will be hot enough toproduce the desired clinker and yet not hot enough to injure the kiln, or'the lin ing thereof. The carbon dioxid and water vapor. set ,free from the saW cement flour in the llame jet, will, on account of the intensel heat therein, become reduced by the carbonaceous fuel to carbon-'monoxid and hydrogen, also with the absorption of heat, and by these transformations the temperature of the flame jet will be modified to the desired degree. The hot gaseous mass, rebounding from the point of impingement, Will proceed along the kiln and its progress will finally meet that part of the atmospheric air which up to that -point has not as yet been in direct contact with the flame, and Willthen burn, thereby generating alaige -lame of relatively low intensity. This heat will' raise the temperature of the stream of cement maf 'terialproceeding down through the -kiln body, thus driving the carbon dioxid and water therefrom, before it reaches the clinker-forming zone.

While the invention will be of great use in the manufacture of cement, its use is by no means limited thereto. Any material which 'can be finely pulverized and Which, when highly heated, sets free carbon dioxidgas or water vapor, or both, and which can be injected into the heating flame, may be utilized in this process; for example, limestone in' the manufac-- ture of lime, and many metallic ores containing chemically combined Water or. carbon dioxid, vor both.l The substance introduced into the llame need not necessarily be the same which is being heated in the furnace.

In the accompanying claims, the term non-,combustible gas is meant to include carbon dioxid gas, or water vapor, or a. mixture of these.

1. A process of modifying the intensity oi: a blast naine, consisting in introducing into said flame at or near its point of origin a finely divided solid material capable of generating in the` flame a non-combustible gas, with the absorption of heat. v

2. A process of modifying the intensity of a blast flame in making cement, consisting in introducing into said flame at or near its origin, a suitable quantity of finely pulverized raw'cement material.

3. A processfor moderating the intensity of a blast tialne used in heating materials highly, consisting in introducing into said iiam'e at or near its point of origin, a suitable proportionv of a finely pulverized solid material capable of generating in the flame a non-combustible gas with the absorption of heat.-

4, A yprocess for moderating the intensity of a blast flame used in heatingcement material, consisting in introducing into the said flame 'at or near lts point of `origin, a suitable proportion of a finely pulverized solid material capable of generating'in the flame a non-combustible gas with the absorption of heat', y

5; A process of modifying the ntensitylof a blast Haine, copsisting in introducing Yintosaid flame at or near its point of origln afinely dividedsolid mterial capable of generating in the llame. a non-combustble gas, with the absorption of beat, and subsequently transforming the same into a combustible gas. i

6. A process for moderating the intensity ofa blast arne used in heating lmaterials highly, consisting in in@ troducing into said llame at or near its,pointof origin, a suitable proportion of n finelyA pulverizcd solid material capable of generating in the ame a nonombustible gas with the absorption of heat, and subsequently transforming the same into a combustible gas.

7. A process for moderating the intensity of a. blast llame used in heating cementmaterialfconsisting in introducing into the said darne at or Ynear its point of origin, a

suitable proportion of a nely 'pulverzed solid materiali.'

capable of generatinginthe ame a. non-combustible gas with the absorption of heat, and subsequently transforming the same into a combustible gas.

8. A process of manufacturing cement, compris`ing the subjecting of the cement material to a blast flame and introducing into said 'dame material to absorb a portion of the heat thereof, said' material being of a character to augment the clinker being formed. f

9. A process of manufacturing cement, comprising the subjecting of the cement material to a blast llame and introducing into said flame material, to absorb a'portion of the beat thereof, said material being of a character to augment the clinker being formedx said material also generating al non-combustible gas While in said flame, said gas mingling with air after leaving said flame to form a combustible product. l

AUGUST I. BJERREGAARD. Witnesses R. C. MITCHELL,

LLEWELLYN BURT. 

